IGCSE CIE Biology: Textbook
1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms
1.1 Characteristics of organisms
1.2 The biological classification system
1.3 Keys
1.4 Kingdoms
1.5 Groups within the animal and plant kingdoms
1.6 Viruses
2 Cells
2.1 Animal and plant cells
2.2 Bacterial cells
2.3 Specialised cells
2.4 Sizes of specimens
3 Movement into and out of cells
3.1 Diffusion
3.2 Osmosis
3.3 Active transport
4 Biological molecules
4.1 Carbohydrates, fats and proteins
4.2 The structure of DNA
5 Enzymes
5.1 Biological catalysts
5.2 Factors that affect enzymes
6 Plant nutrition
6.1 Making carbohydrates using light energy
6.2 Leaves
6.3 Factors affecting photosynthesis
7 Human nutrition
7.1 Diet
7.2 The human digestive system
7.3 Digestion
7.4 Absorption and assimilation
8 Transport in plants
8.1 Xylem and phloem
8.2 Transport of water
8.3 Translocation of sucrose and amino acids
9 Transport in animals
9.1 Circulatory systems
9.2 The heart
9.3 Blood vessels
9.4 Blood
10 Diseases and immunity
10.1 Transmission of pathogens
10.2 The immune response
11 Respiration and gas exchange
11.1 Respiration
11.2 Gas exchange in humans
12 Coordination and response
12.1 The human nervous system
12.2 Sense organs
12.3 Hormones
12.4 Coordination in plants
13 Excretion and homeostasis
13.1 Excretion
13.2 Homeostasis
14 Reproduction in plants
14.1 Asexual and sexual reproduction
14.2 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
14.3 Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of reproduction
15 Reproduction in humans
15.1 The human reproductive systems
15.2 Sexually transmitted infections
16 Chromosomes, genes and proteins
16.1 Chromosomes and cell division
16.2 Inheriting genes
16.3 Genes and protein synthesis
17 Variation and selection
18 Organisms and their environment
18.1 Energy flow and food webs
18.2 Nutrient cycles
18.3 Populations
19 Human influences on ecosystems
19.1 Human pressures on ecosystems
19.2 Conservation
20 Biotechnology and genetic modification
20.1 Biotechnology
20.2 Genetic modification